Phase-field Lattice Boltzmann model for liquid bridges and coalescence in wet granular media

In this paper a phase-field based Lattice Boltzmann model is formulated to simulate the formation and coalescence of capillary bridges between spherical solid particles as well associated forces. To capture air–water interface, Allen–Cahn equation coupled with two-phase Navier–Stokes through surface tension term. The force arising from water interaction curved along numerical integration scheme. Two benchmark examples are considered validate proposed model, namely: spreading drop on particle rise in narrow tube. Then, forces due isolated coalesced liquid two three configurations computed illustrate pendular regime its transition funicular regime. Numerical simulation results found be good agreement available experimental data for wetting doublet triplet particles, respectively. indicate that provides viable framework within which complex interface evolution during large assembly could captured.